Longitudinal Wave

1. Wavelength

The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between two successive compressions or expansions. It is the distance between the point where one compression starts and the point where the next compression begins.

2. Amplitude

Amplitude measures how tightly particles are compressed or how far apart they spread during a wave’s passage. It measures how far the particles of the medium move from their resting position when the wave passes through. The greater the compression and the greater the expansion, the higher the amplitude. 

3. Frequency

Frequency indicates how many compressions or expansions pass a specific point each second. It indicates how quickly the wave oscillates or vibrates and is measured in Hertz (Hz), where one Hertz equals one wave cycle per second.

1. Sound Waves

Sound waves are one of the most familiar examples of longitudinal waves. When you speak, play an instrument (e.g., guitar or saxophone), or hear a sound, you are experiencing sound waves traveling through a medium (usually air). These vibrations cause the air particles to move back and forth in a parallel direction, creating compressions and expansions.

2. Seismic P-Waves

Seismic waves are energy waves that travel through the Earth, often due to earthquakes. One type of seismic wave is the P-wave (Primary wave). It is a longitudinal wave and moves by compressing and expanding the Earth’s surface along the direction of wave propagation.

3. Springs

Longitudinal waves also occur in everyday objects, from door stoppers to musical instruments. When you push or pull an object connected to a spring, you create vibrations that travel through the medium in a longitudinal wave pattern.

4. Ultrasound

Ultrasound or ultrasonic waves are a type of longitudinal wave that travels through human tissues. These waves capture images of the inside of the body, such as viewing organs, muscles, or even a developing baby in the womb.